Transnational repression is a type of political repression conducted by a state outside its borders. It often involves targeting political dissidents or critical members of diaspora communities abroad and can take the forms of assassinations and/or enforced disappearances of citizens, among others.[1][2][3] Freedom House has documented its rise worldwide in recent years, prompting response from agencies such as the FBI.[4][5]
According to Freedom House, the most prolific actors involved in transnational repression in 2022 were the governments of China, Turkey, Russia, Egypt, and Tajikistan.[6] Other nations of concern included Iran, Rwanda, and Saudi Arabia.[7]
International relations scholar Laurie Brand asserts that autocracies face specific challenges and opportunities in the international sphere that affect authoritarian practices. Specifically, the rise of transnationalism and practices that transcend national borders have led autocracies to develop strategies aiming to manage their citizens' migration.[8] According to political scientist Gerasimos Tsourapas, global autocracies engage in complex strategies of transnational repression, legitimation, and co-optation as well as cooperation with non-state actors.[9]
- ^ Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2019). "A Tightening Grip Abroad: Authoritarian Regimes Target Their Emigrant and Diaspora Communities". Migration Policy Institute. Archived from the original on 2019-11-10.
- ^ Baser, Bahar; Ozturk, Ahmet Erdi (2020-07-02). "Positive and Negative Diaspora Governance in Context: From Public Diplomacy to Transnational Authoritarianism". Middle East Critique. 29 (3): 319–334. doi:10.1080/19436149.2020.1770449. ISSN 1943-6149. S2CID 219747605. Archived from the original on 2023-07-05. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ "Autocracies are exporting autocracy to their diasporas". The Economist. 29 February 2024. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2024-03-02.
- ^ "Out of Sight, Not Out of Reach". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2021-02-24. Retrieved 2021-02-24.
- ^ "Transnational Repression". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-06-26.
- ^ Gorokhovskaia, Yana; Schenkkan, Nate; Vaughan, Grady. "Still Not Safe: Transnational Repression in 2022" (PDF). Freedom House. Freedom House. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 June 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2023.
- ^ "Defending Democracy in Exile". Freedom House. Archived from the original on 2022-08-12. Retrieved 2022-08-19.
- ^ Brand, Laurie A. (2006-02-27). Citizens Abroad: Emigration and the State in the Middle East and North Africa (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491498. ISBN 978-0-521-85805-2. OCLC 967481251.
- ^ Tsourapas, Gerasimos (2021). "Global Autocracies: Strategies of Transnational Repression, Legitimation, and Co-Optation in World Politics". International Studies Review. 23 (3): 616–644. doi:10.1093/isr/viaa061.
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